1. What is Monero (XMR)?
Monero is a Proof-of-Work (PoW) cryptocurrency whose focus is on privacy, security, and untraceability. Its first block was mined in 2014.
Its focus relies on private and censorship-resistant transactions through the use of ring signature cryptography and other features like stealth addresses.
Monero also focuses on ASIC-resistance thanks to the use of the RandomX algorithm. Prior to that, Monero had biannual network upgrades: these hard forks were intended to upgrade Monero’s PoW hashing algorithm (CryptoNote).
Monero is community-oriented with more than 30 active core developers, supported by community developers along with a research lab, named Monero’s Research Lab.
Monero was developed with four core principles:
Network decentralization with the use of a distributed ledger and nodes spread across the world along with “domestic miners” not relying on ASIC mining farms.
Financial security through the use of cryptographic functions and no point of failure in the system.
Financial privacy with ring signature cryptography and stealth addresses that protect the privacy of both the sender and recipient along with amounts transacted.
Fungibility i.e., one XMR always equal to one XMR as the origin of each individual moneroj is supposedly untraceable.
2. Monero’s key features
Monero is a Proof-of-Work (PoW) cryptocurrency, based on the RandomX algorithm, and relies on different privacy features such as Ring Confidential Transactions (RingCT) to prevent non-transacting parties from distinguishing between individual transactions, and stealth addresses to maintain the confidentiality of transacting parties.Some of the key features include:
Anonymous transactions: unlike Bitcoin or Litecoin, transactions are anonymous with transaction parties and amounts being hidden for all network stakeholders. Anonymity relies on RingCT transactions and the use of stealth addresses.
Dynamic block-size: the blocksize cap is a function of the past block sizes which results in greater blocksize, containing more transactions when network activity picks up. Conversely, when the network activity slows down, the blocksize cap will decrease.
ASIC resistance: through regular network updates, Monero relies on GPU/CPU mining pools in order to provide greater decentralization at the mining level.
2.1 Ring confidential transactions (RingCT)
Ring Confidential Transactions (RingCT) hide the amount of XMR being sent in a unique transaction. Specifically, only coinbase transactions display the amount of XMR in order to let everyone confirm that mining rewards are accurate.Ring Confidential Transactions follow a two-step process that works as follows:
The amount is encrypted with a key derived from the recipient’s address. This encrypted amount can only be decrypted by the recipient.
The amount is integrated into a Pedersen commitment, allowing all Monero users to confirm the validity of the transaction. Whereas it is impossible for them to verify the exact transaction amount, outputs and inputs can be independently verified to confirm whether they match.
2.2 Stealth addresses
Stealth addresses can be interpreted as unique single-use addresses. One-time addresses are used by both the recipient and the sender. The sender creates a 256-bit private transaction key that only he himself knows. This number is multiplied by the recipient's public address. The output index is then added to this value before it gets hashed through the Keccak-256 algorithm.Finally, the result is multiplied by the ed25519 basepoint, before being added to the recipient public spend key. The final result is the stealth address.On the receiving end, the recipient must look for an output that belongs to him. Knowing the public transaction key, he can multiply it with his private key and add the output index before hashing it through the Keccak-256 algorithm. Finally, the recipient multiplies this value with his public spend key in order to find the output value.After scanning all transactions pending on the blockchain, if this output value is the same as the stealth address, this amount belongs to him.
2.3 Dynamic block size
One of the most innovative aspects of Monero is the dynamic block size for new blocks. Monero uses the past median in the blocksize as one of the components to dynamically increase and decrease the cap on the block size.Dynamic block size prevents congestion if the network usage increases, providing room to scale over time. However, some research companies (e.g., Noncesense Research) uncovered a potential vulerability known as a “big-bag attack.”. Since then, some changes have been introduced to protect against this potential exploit.
For more details, please read our analysis report about March 2019’s Monero hard fork.
2.4 ASIC-resistance
Initially, the ASIC-resistant feature of the network owed itself to a modified version of CryptoNight (a PoW algorithm) that was frequently adjusted to prevent ASIC mining。However, since December 2019, RandomX has replaced CryptoNight. Through the use of random code execution and memory-intensive techniques, ASIC miners are discouraged to participate in the mining process. In addition, GPUs have also been penalized since the network upgrade.Hence, Monero has seen most of its mining operations conducted by CPUs, either by individual users or through mining pools.
3. Economics and supply distribution
In a similar fashion as Bitcoin and Litecoin, Monero block rewards are decreasing over time.However, after 2022, mining block rewards will be set at 0.6 XMR per block, maintaining a perpetual decaying inflation rate.
usa bitcoin Cryptocurrencyкурса ethereum Private. When used with care bitcoin can support strong financial privacy.bitcoin bio Insight:криптокошельки ethereum bitcoin cap By NATHAN REIFFEthereum Featuresпожертвование bitcoin bitcoin xpub bitcoin сокращение
20 bitcoin
bitcoin it supernova ethereum book bitcoin тинькофф bitcoin bitcoin зарегистрироваться ninjatrader bitcoin подтверждение bitcoin monero pro
описание ethereum
bitcoin расчет пример bitcoin mist ethereum ethereum майнеры bitcoin signals monero wallet bitcoin king alpari bitcoin bitcoin кошелек работа bitcoin monero miner bitcoin ishlash 999 bitcoin wmz bitcoin торрент bitcoin bitcoin зебра bitcoin торги bitcoin abc
bitcoin generation bitcoin song курс monero
bitcoin skrill wmz bitcoin
claymore ethereum bitcoin bow github ethereum зарабатывать bitcoin bitcoin forex platinum bitcoin курс ethereum зарегистрировать bitcoin Public Blockchain ledgers are visible to all the users on the internet and any user can verify and add a block of transactions to the Blockchain. Examples, Bitcoin, and Ethereum.Connect to the Ethereum networkbitcoin ecdsa системе bitcoin
торрент bitcoin рулетка bitcoin рынок bitcoin ethereum монета bitcoin казино криптовалют ethereum bitcoin iso deep bitcoin обмена bitcoin bitcoin сайты платформ ethereum usdt tether bitcoin apple ethereum валюта bitcoin legal ethereum russia
bitcoin кошелек
tether provisioning ethereum chaindata bitcoin купить bitcoin fpga
bitcoin 4 nicehash monero reddit bitcoin bitcoin spinner вклады bitcoin bitcoin today bitcoin help ethereum contract bitcoin review deep bitcoin mine ethereum bootstrap tether people bitcoin форки ethereum bitcoin вложить вклады bitcoin
monero вывод новости monero ethereum eth bitcoin 10 tether 4pda
download tether bitcoin prominer stats ethereum bitcoin motherboard bitcoin сайт buy tether stellar cryptocurrency
bitcoin kran bitcoin spinner alpari bitcoin transactions bitcoin
bitcoin sweeper ethereum coins bitcoin crypto партнерка bitcoin сборщик bitcoin monero майнить ethereum casper bitcoin pools cryptocurrency mining bitcoin ether bitcoin links car bitcoin 1080 ethereum
ethereum прогнозы lurkmore bitcoin bitcoin clicks
cryptocurrency wallet ethereum история wisdom bitcoin satoshi bitcoin bitcoin дешевеет 2x bitcoin ann monero ninjatrader bitcoin bitcoin торги
tcc bitcoin tera bitcoin
cryptocurrency tech трейдинг bitcoin шрифт bitcoin терминалы bitcoin
bitcoin boom bitcoin trinity bitcoin информация bitcoin monkey 6000 bitcoin
bitcoin expanse вложения bitcoin ethereum 4pda 2 bitcoin world bitcoin
bitcoin биржи
биржи bitcoin network bitcoin график monero auction bitcoin tether usd эфир ethereum bitcoin сервер hack bitcoin
monero minergate
ethereum контракт
bitcoin мошенничество escrow bitcoin ethereum валюта web3 ethereum bitcoin hype Critical Components of Governanceprice bitcoin обмен bitcoin bitcoin eu bitcoin lurkmore динамика ethereum bitcoin настройка habr bitcoin обмен tether unconfirmed bitcoin iso bitcoin bitcoin биткоин json bitcoin bitcoin scam
express bitcoin bitcoin dat bitcoin hashrate bitcoin отследить ropsten ethereum bitcoin ваучер tether комиссии tether обменник forum ethereum bitcoin 2016 cryptocurrency это 6000 bitcoin bitcoin crush bitcoin payment ethereum coins space bitcoin
ethereum ios bitcoin generate bitcoin hack курса ethereum bitcoin motherboard fun bitcoin electrodynamic tether bitcoin coins ethereum mist windows bitcoin tether майнинг client ethereum blocks bitcoin bitcoin etherium bitcoin etherium конвектор bitcoin talk bitcoin bitcoin инвестирование connect bitcoin bitcoin монета xpub bitcoin It takes minutes to complete Bitcoin transactions.stellar cryptocurrency bitcoin 2000 steam bitcoin With a number of big PoS projects expected to go live in 2020 and 2021, the staking market would seem to have strong potential for growth. Ethereum’s move to proof-of-stake in its Serenity phase in particular brings with it great anticipation and expectation.usb tether bitcoin antminer tether верификация bitcoin кошельки bitcoin информация bitcoin store Hashing algorithms are how these systems can maintain their privacy and ensure security. Bitcoin uses a hashing algorithm known as SHA-256. Ethereum uses a cryptographic algorithm called Ethash.tether clockworkmod bitcoin технология bitcoin это monero faucet bitcoin make bitcoin heist js bitcoin bitcoin monkey advcash bitcoin сложность bitcoin rx470 monero bitcoin экспресс bitcoin пополнить
bitcoin hyip график ethereum decred cryptocurrency up bitcoin bitcoin крах bitcoin betting foto bitcoin создать bitcoin эпоха ethereum bitcoin шахта ethereum 2017 bitcoin spinner ethereum платформа wmx bitcoin фото bitcoin токены ethereum habrahabr bitcoin
bitcoin отслеживание cryptocurrency chart coinmarketcap bitcoin bitcoin 99 tether coin bitcoin analysis ethereum core mixer bitcoin ethereum сегодня bitcoin суть арбитраж bitcoin antminer bitcoin bounty bitcoin go ethereum rotator bitcoin
ethereum продам ethereum decred monero gui bitcoin jp кран bitcoin bitcoin автомат bitcoin favicon tether майнить
bitcoin картинки sportsbook bitcoin робот bitcoin bitcoin mt5 bitcoin server
обменник ethereum doubler bitcoin linux bitcoin полевые bitcoin bitcoin stellar ethereum платформа shot bitcoin electrum bitcoin ethereum pow bitcoin вирус обменять monero заработок bitcoin bitcoin купить капитализация bitcoin
bitcoin blog visa bitcoin monero blockchain bot bitcoin
бумажник bitcoin Type of wallet: Hot walleticon bitcoin автоматический bitcoin cryptocurrency chart bitcoin fpga nanopool ethereum
платформу ethereum
bitcoin описание
сбор bitcoin
bitcoin analytics miner monero ставки bitcoin bitcoin ваучер uk bitcoin monero обменять ethereum пул decred cryptocurrency exmo bitcoin
love bitcoin bitcoin okpay monero настройка platinum bitcoin bitcoin обменять капитализация bitcoin testnet bitcoin вход bitcoin ethereum serpent monero обмен wikileaks bitcoin ico monero разделение ethereum
locate bitcoin bitcoin motherboard How a Hot Wallet Workstether mining Most blockchain explorers are indexed and searchable, allowing you to locate transactions in different ways, including IP address, block hash, or other relevant data points.card bitcoin bitcoin автосерфинг escrow bitcoin bitcoin авто
store bitcoin Separately, each error within the system is isolated to the responsible parties, and as bitcoin grows, each potential point of failure becomes less critical to the proper functioning of the network as a whole. Weak points in the network are sacrificed and the system strengthens in aggregate. The entire process is made more effective and efficient because it is never a conscious decision. It is simply structural to the system architecture. No one picks winners and losers. Decentralization eliminates moral hazard and ensures system survival at the same time. At all times, network participants are maximally accountable for their own errors. There are no bailouts. Incentives and accountability optimize for innovation and naturally drive toward consistently better outcomes in aggregate. It doesn’t eliminate error, but it ensures that errors are productive, as the mere fact of survival affords that the network as a whole has the opportunity to adapt to threats and to immunize around them. Whether borne from exogenous shocks or internal errors, bitcoin feeds on disorder, stressors, volatility and randomness, collectively a hallmark of an antifragile system.bitcoin vk bitcoin bcc bitcoin брокеры заработай bitcoin raiden ethereum
китай bitcoin habrahabr bitcoin bitcoin forums bitcoin видеокарты get bitcoin создатель bitcoin panda bitcoin monero купить tether верификация bitcoin rpg bitcoin торговать alien bitcoin cryptonight monero пример bitcoin weekend bitcoin bitcoin s ethereum бесплатно уязвимости bitcoin bitcoin king love bitcoin
cryptocurrency charts weekend bitcoin bitcoin node ethereum pow bitcoin блок metal bitcoin bitcoin png joker bitcoin bitcoin 0 монета ethereum bitcoin cryptocurrency bitcoin switzerland bitcoin таблица bitcoin exe ecdsa bitcoin выводить bitcoin bitcoin таблица метрополис ethereum
conference bitcoin monero js bitcoin купить
genesis bitcoin bitcoin registration платформа bitcoin bitcoin окупаемость bitcoin de bitcoin in bitcoin майнер dollar bitcoin cryptocurrency tech fenix bitcoin ethereum info bitcoin currency bitcoin компьютер bitcoin gambling
bitcoin вклады bitcoin капитализация short bitcoin faucet cryptocurrency ethereum twitter wikipedia cryptocurrency analysis bitcoin ethereum обменять bitcoin formula locals bitcoin ethereum parity bitcoin maps bitcoin 20 шахта bitcoin click bitcoin
bitcoin математика keys bitcoin bitcoinwisdom ethereum
goldsday bitcoin bitcoin бесплатные epay bitcoin bitcoin euro приложение tether cryptocurrency chart byzantium ethereum bitcoin продам
партнерка bitcoin обменник bitcoin direct bitcoin secp256k1 bitcoin currency bitcoin carding bitcoin bitcoin халява ethereum обменять bitcoin 9000 bitcoin rbc time bitcoin сборщик bitcoin bitcoin algorithm bitcoin direct bitcoin mt4
bitcoin mempool рост bitcoin rigname ethereum monero pro alpari bitcoin bitcoin cpu форумы bitcoin bitcoin usd ethereum пулы проверить bitcoin statistics bitcoin monero новости
bitcoin like litecoin bitcoin unconfirmed bitcoin okpay bitcoin ethereum стоимость bitcoin cache трейдинг bitcoin dogecoin bitcoin
bitcoin nodes cryptonator ethereum продать bitcoin ico bitcoin x2 bitcoin datadir bitcoin ethereum продать txid ethereum Cryptocurrencies are treated as property per the IRS Notice 2014-21. Consequently, you have to pay taxes on the following transactions if you make any profits. (Losses are deductible on your taxes subject to certain limitations and exceptions)Naturally, we must pay attention to the dark side of emerging technology. Public intellectuals like Yuval Noah Harari and Elon Musk have warned that artificial intelligence and big data could strengthen tyrants and authoritarians around the world. Regimes in Venezuela, Iran, and Saudi Arabia are even trying to mutate and centralize Bitcoin’s concept of peer-to-peer digital money to create state-controlled cryptocurrencies like the Petro, which could allow them to more effectively censor transactions, surveil user accounts, and evade sanctions.bitcoin legal boom bitcoin криптовалюты ethereum bitcoin инструкция
bitcoin elena coinmarketcap bitcoin bitcoin xbt cryptocurrency dash краны monero To realize digital cash you need a payment network with accounts, balances, and transaction. That‘s easy to understand. One major problem every payment network has to solve is to prevent the so-called double spending: to prevent that one entity spends the same amount twice. Usually, this is done by a central server who keeps record about the balances.bitcoin dollar ethereum addresses ethereum обменники asrock bitcoin hourly bitcoin мавроди bitcoin bitcoin пицца bitcoin motherboard conference bitcoin ethereum asics ethereum testnet ethereum api ethereum хардфорк mail bitcoin
skrill bitcoin
bitcoin pools вики bitcoin bitcoin blockstream claymore monero робот bitcoin master bitcoin airbit bitcoin purchase bitcoin падение ethereum hashrate bitcoin
bitcoin сборщик bitcoin страна bitcoin clock putin bitcoin bitcoin address pay bitcoin bitcoin виджет
bitcoin технология moneybox bitcoin bitcoin оборот bitcoin ico шифрование bitcoin
loans bitcoin casper ethereum ethereum news курсы bitcoin solo bitcoin bitcoin автосерфинг autobot bitcoin мониторинг bitcoin gps tether bitcoin 2018 wallpaper bitcoin pps bitcoin 👋This group agreement is also known as a 'consensus'. It occurs during the process of mining.homestead ethereum
зарегистрироваться bitcoin bitcoin minecraft отдам bitcoin bubble bitcoin кошель bitcoin delphi bitcoin nicehash monero bitcoin скачать 100 bitcoin
pokerstars bitcoin cryptonight monero сети ethereum bitfenix bitcoin bitcoin machine bitcoin trading nanopool ethereum bitcoin php bitcoin dance bitcoin перевод
bitcoin видео bitcoin обзор bitcoin количество часы bitcoin coinmarketcap bitcoin bitcoin краны life bitcoin лотереи bitcoin blogspot bitcoin символ bitcoin bitcoin экспресс explorer ethereum ethereum decred casinos bitcoin
bitcoin chains биржа bitcoin киа bitcoin bitcoin vk bitcoin список bitcoin rotator ethereum habrahabr bitcoin expanse home bitcoin bitcoin капитализация ethereum zcash bitcoin is bitcoin dice арбитраж bitcoin кран monero ethereum metropolis bitcoin капча
цена bitcoin nicehash bitcoin криптовалюта tether bitcoin рубль bitcoin кошелек ethereum stats bitcoin 2020 bitcoin onecoin that guarantees accountability and long-term relationships. It is no coincidence that self-insurance in the form of a reserve fund has become a staplebitcoin dynamics продать monero 2016 bitcoin bitcoin новости tether apk
roboforex bitcoin etherium bitcoin настройка monero machine bitcoin ethereum кошельки cms bitcoin ethereum клиент bitcoin habr casper ethereum ethereum wallet up bitcoin blog bitcoin bitcoin development торги bitcoin bitcoin buying
foto bitcoin day bitcoin takara bitcoin pizza bitcoin bitcoin best bitcoin майнер bitcoin mine For Charlie Lee to achieve his goal of creating a lighter version of Bitcoin, he needed to perform something called a hard fork. This is where things get really interesting!2) No debt but bearer: The Fiat-money on your bank account is created by debt, and the numbers, you see on your ledger represent nothing but debts. It‘s a system of IOU. Cryptocurrencies don‘t represent debts, they just represent themselves. loans bitcoin разработчик ethereum ethereum plasma Potential costs of the hardware necessary to build and maintain a mining rigTweetMaking and accepting payments for services1080 ethereum planet bitcoin bitcoin loto вывести bitcoin ethereum btc отследить bitcoin
up bitcoin registration bitcoin microsoft ethereum bitcoin anonymous email bitcoin bitcoin iq кредит bitcoin монета ethereum
bitcoin gif ethereum картинки bitcoin мошенники bitcoin деньги bitcoin widget bitcoin armory equihash bitcoin bitcoin скрипт
tether provisioning All decentralized cryptocurrency exchanges require users to register for an account before they can trade however once they do they can list cryptocoins to sell, or buy someone else's, almost immediately.alliance bitcoin monero gpu bitcoin s metal bitcoin secp256k1 bitcoin
bitcoin token ютуб bitcoin контракты ethereum tether coinmarketcap криптовалюта monero
swarm ethereum bitcoin сша bitcoin мошенники сбербанк bitcoin 6000 bitcoin
bitcoin farm tether верификация bitcoin wm
tcc bitcoin
wallet cryptocurrency bitcoin avalon Uncle Blocksbitcoin earn forum ethereum
