1. What is Monero (XMR)?
Monero is a Proof-of-Work (PoW) cryptocurrency whose focus is on privacy, security, and untraceability. Its first block was mined in 2014.
Its focus relies on private and censorship-resistant transactions through the use of ring signature cryptography and other features like stealth addresses.
Monero also focuses on ASIC-resistance thanks to the use of the RandomX algorithm. Prior to that, Monero had biannual network upgrades: these hard forks were intended to upgrade Monero’s PoW hashing algorithm (CryptoNote).
Monero is community-oriented with more than 30 active core developers, supported by community developers along with a research lab, named Monero’s Research Lab.
Monero was developed with four core principles:
Network decentralization with the use of a distributed ledger and nodes spread across the world along with “domestic miners” not relying on ASIC mining farms.
Financial security through the use of cryptographic functions and no point of failure in the system.
Financial privacy with ring signature cryptography and stealth addresses that protect the privacy of both the sender and recipient along with amounts transacted.
Fungibility i.e., one XMR always equal to one XMR as the origin of each individual moneroj is supposedly untraceable.
2. Monero’s key features
Monero is a Proof-of-Work (PoW) cryptocurrency, based on the RandomX algorithm, and relies on different privacy features such as Ring Confidential Transactions (RingCT) to prevent non-transacting parties from distinguishing between individual transactions, and stealth addresses to maintain the confidentiality of transacting parties.Some of the key features include:
Anonymous transactions: unlike Bitcoin or Litecoin, transactions are anonymous with transaction parties and amounts being hidden for all network stakeholders. Anonymity relies on RingCT transactions and the use of stealth addresses.
Dynamic block-size: the blocksize cap is a function of the past block sizes which results in greater blocksize, containing more transactions when network activity picks up. Conversely, when the network activity slows down, the blocksize cap will decrease.
ASIC resistance: through regular network updates, Monero relies on GPU/CPU mining pools in order to provide greater decentralization at the mining level.
2.1 Ring confidential transactions (RingCT)
Ring Confidential Transactions (RingCT) hide the amount of XMR being sent in a unique transaction. Specifically, only coinbase transactions display the amount of XMR in order to let everyone confirm that mining rewards are accurate.Ring Confidential Transactions follow a two-step process that works as follows:
The amount is encrypted with a key derived from the recipient’s address. This encrypted amount can only be decrypted by the recipient.
The amount is integrated into a Pedersen commitment, allowing all Monero users to confirm the validity of the transaction. Whereas it is impossible for them to verify the exact transaction amount, outputs and inputs can be independently verified to confirm whether they match.
2.2 Stealth addresses
Stealth addresses can be interpreted as unique single-use addresses. One-time addresses are used by both the recipient and the sender. The sender creates a 256-bit private transaction key that only he himself knows. This number is multiplied by the recipient's public address. The output index is then added to this value before it gets hashed through the Keccak-256 algorithm.Finally, the result is multiplied by the ed25519 basepoint, before being added to the recipient public spend key. The final result is the stealth address.On the receiving end, the recipient must look for an output that belongs to him. Knowing the public transaction key, he can multiply it with his private key and add the output index before hashing it through the Keccak-256 algorithm. Finally, the recipient multiplies this value with his public spend key in order to find the output value.After scanning all transactions pending on the blockchain, if this output value is the same as the stealth address, this amount belongs to him.
2.3 Dynamic block size
One of the most innovative aspects of Monero is the dynamic block size for new blocks. Monero uses the past median in the blocksize as one of the components to dynamically increase and decrease the cap on the block size.Dynamic block size prevents congestion if the network usage increases, providing room to scale over time. However, some research companies (e.g., Noncesense Research) uncovered a potential vulerability known as a “big-bag attack.”. Since then, some changes have been introduced to protect against this potential exploit.
For more details, please read our analysis report about March 2019’s Monero hard fork.
2.4 ASIC-resistance
Initially, the ASIC-resistant feature of the network owed itself to a modified version of CryptoNight (a PoW algorithm) that was frequently adjusted to prevent ASIC mining。However, since December 2019, RandomX has replaced CryptoNight. Through the use of random code execution and memory-intensive techniques, ASIC miners are discouraged to participate in the mining process. In addition, GPUs have also been penalized since the network upgrade.Hence, Monero has seen most of its mining operations conducted by CPUs, either by individual users or through mining pools.
3. Economics and supply distribution
In a similar fashion as Bitcoin and Litecoin, Monero block rewards are decreasing over time.However, after 2022, mining block rewards will be set at 0.6 XMR per block, maintaining a perpetual decaying inflation rate.
wikipedia ethereum What Is Cryptocurrency Mining?bitcoin jp 'Container' = Blockservice bitcoin The frequency of forking among cryptocurrencies tells you a great deal about their design philosophies. For instance, Ethereum was positioned as the more innovative counterpart to Bitcoin for a long time, as it had certain advantages like a (functioning) foundation, a pot of money which could be used to finance developers, and a social commitment to rapid iteration. Bitcoin developers, by contrast, have tended to de-emphasize development through forks and generally aim to proceed through opt-in soft forks, like the SegWit upgrade. (By ‘hard fork,’ I mean intentional backwards-incompatible upgrades that require users to collectively upgrade their nodes. In a hard fork situation, legacy nodes might become incompatible with the new ruleset.)отзывы ethereum теханализ bitcoin miningpoolhub ethereum blogspot bitcoin bitcoin cranes взломать bitcoin сети bitcoin
cryptocurrency arbitrage
bitcoin миллионеры antminer ethereum swarm ethereum bitcoin conference сбербанк ethereum график ethereum bitcoin asic
bitcoin принцип captcha bitcoin ethereum torrent кошельки bitcoin bitcoin cranes bitcoin cap купить bitcoin tether верификация
bitcoin neteller продать bitcoin
bitcoin суть mindgate bitcoin capitalization cryptocurrency bitcoin blocks bitcoin ruble exchange ethereum
bitcoin land bitcoin demo форк bitcoin
ethereum farm pay bitcoin
bitcoin registration bitcoin bat cold bitcoin In the year ending July 24, 2020, the value of a bitcoin ranged from $5,532 to $11,982.bitcoin girls bitcoin котировки
bitcoin neteller bitcoin brokers mist ethereum second bitcoin верификация tether usb tether value bitcoin bitcoin alien продам ethereum bitcoin котировки ethereum обменники валюты bitcoin вложения bitcoin bitcoin халява bitcoin проблемы вложить bitcoin ethereum пул bitcoin qazanmaq bitcoin bow динамика ethereum bitcoin компьютер xmr monero bitcoin safe япония bitcoin сеть ethereum капитализация bitcoin bitcoin ваучер bitcoin код bitcoin украина график ethereum bitcoin кранов wisdom bitcoin kinolix bitcoin bitcoin софт monero калькулятор вход bitcoin This approach involves having two computers sharing some parts of the same wallet. The first one must be disconnected from any network. It is the only one that holds the entire wallet and is able to sign transactions. The second computer is connected to the network and only has a watching wallet that can only create unsigned transactions. This way, you can securely issue new transactions with the following steps.ethereum эфириум алгоритм bitcoin bitcoin direct bitcoin баланс ethereum block monero пул bitcoin rpc bitcoin habr bitcoin создать
finney ethereum описание bitcoin bitcoin продать invest bitcoin flash bitcoin bitcoin обменять
roboforex bitcoin bitcoin trinity oil bitcoin
wallpaper bitcoin bitcoin delphi bitcoin 4pda ASICs are much more powerful than CPUs and GPUs, meaning that they will have a much better chance of winning the mining reward.ethereum chaindata bitcoin vip обменник tether bitcoin получить bitcoin double bitcoin free nodes bitcoin checker bitcoin токены ethereum asics bitcoin bitcoin live bitcoin xpub 1070 ethereum coins bitcoin monero wallet difficulty bitcoin tether обмен network bitcoin bitcoin 4pda bitcoin monkey конвертер monero bitcoin stellar
стоимость ethereum masternode bitcoin bitcoin кошелек
pos ethereum bitcoin прогнозы Or both true and not true,salt bitcoin зарегистрироваться bitcoin This is computation without relying on a central server.bitcoin system bitcoin eobot
шифрование bitcoin ethereum скачать bitcoin значок bitcoin gif dollar bitcoin ethereum github base bitcoin An offline wallet, also known as cold storage, provides the highest level of security for savings. It involves storing a wallet in a secured place that is not connected to the network. When done properly, it can offer a very good protection against computer vulnerabilities. Using an offline wallet in conjunction with backups and encryption is also a good practice. Here is an overview of some approaches.uk bitcoin goldmine bitcoin ethereum swarm bitcoin динамика bitcoin me bitcoin государство monero bitcointalk доходность ethereum bitcoin играть ethereum gold
bitcoin center майнеры monero 4000 bitcoin курс monero ethereum cryptocurrency ava bitcoin bitcoin nyse bitcoin расчет сайты bitcoin pos ethereum dance bitcoin удвоитель bitcoin bitcoin scripting bitcoin poker bitcoin 1070 консультации bitcoin ethereum бутерин bitcoin nodes Also, if you want to deploy a contract on Ethereum, you will need gas, and you would have to pay for that gas in ether. So gas is the execution fee paid by a user for running a transaction in Ethereum. Ether can be utilized for building decentralized applications, building smart contracts, and making regular peer-to-peer payments.bitcoin script monero ico The Hashrate theorybitcoin bank
пополнить bitcoin blockstream bitcoin ethereum падает wikileaks bitcoin конвертер bitcoin purse bitcoin twitter bitcoin x bitcoin tether coin bitcoin antminer bitcoin hardware криптовалют ethereum ethereum faucet ферма bitcoin bitcoin таблица monero free ann monero poloniex ethereum биржа monero bitcoin bitcoin elena bitcoin перевод играть bitcoin bitcoin пицца bitcoin sec bitcoin bow bitcoin терминал скрипты bitcoin ico bitcoin js bitcoin
mixer bitcoin api bitcoin to bitcoin bitcoin статья bitcoin roulette bitcoin настройка withdraw bitcoin ethereum cryptocurrency bitcoin make ethereum russia bitcoin best ethereum wiki bitcoin приложение bitcoin ubuntu bitcoin 0 mining cryptocurrency geth ethereum bitcoin государство ethereum telegram stock bitcoin bitcoin dollar график bitcoin майнинг ethereum обмена bitcoin bitcoin ebay bitcoin safe bitcoin run maps bitcoin криптовалюта tether The steps taken towards the Bitcoin legalization in each country are presented in the bullets.отзыв bitcoin криптовалюты bitcoin bitcoin asic bitcoin ru microsoft bitcoin map bitcoin bitcoin eu bitcoin часы bitcoin satoshi график bitcoin bitcoin халява bitcoin login sgminer monero обменять bitcoin bitcoin yen
bitcoin алматы
money bitcoin elysium bitcoin ethereum pos geth ethereum эмиссия bitcoin bitcoin экспресс bitcoin криптовалюта metropolis ethereum cryptocurrency prices film bitcoin bitcoin calc wmx bitcoin ethereum новости trade cryptocurrency bitcoin info daemon bitcoin иконка bitcoin cryptocurrency tech index bitcoin bitcoin ocean bitcoin foto bitcoin это blockchain monero bitcoin xyz rx560 monero pinktussy bitcoin удвоитель bitcoin stake bitcoin market bitcoin bitcoin банкнота hit bitcoin genesis bitcoin gift bitcoin lootool bitcoin виталик ethereum ethereum кошелек monero minergate In the past, people had only one option to receive energy — through a centralized source.bitcoin книга сервера bitcoin
prune bitcoin In a traditional voting process, most voters stand in line to cast votes or send in mail votes. Then, the votes must be counted by a local authority. Online voting is possible in this scenario, too, but as with all other industries we’ve discussed, because a central authority is used, problems of fraud arise.cryptocurrency tech The first thing to know is that two things are central to the concept of blockchain: public key encryption and math. While I’m definitely a fan of the first, I’ll admit that the latter isn’t my strong suit. However, public key cryptography (aka public key encryption or asymmetric encryption) and math go together in blockchains like burgers and beer. Imagine a scenario in which you want to repay a friend who bought you lunch, by sending money online to his or her account. There are several ways in which this could go wrong, including:retirement is to invest 5-10% of their financial assets in Bitcoin (and we suggest investing at least an equal amount in that other decentralized, privatebitcoin фарм Can Someone Fake My Identity?bitcoin rotator In the history of Bitcoin, there has never been an attack on the block chain that resulted in stolen money from a confirmed output. Neither has there ever been a reported theft resulting directly from a vulnerability in the original Bitcoin client, or a vulnerability in the protocol. Bitcoin is secured by standard cryptographic functions. These functions have been peer reviewed by cryptography experts and are considered unlikely to be breakable in the foreseeable future.1. Infrastructure CompatibilityIn 2009, the Bitcoin network went online. Bitcoin is a proof-of-work cryptocurrency that, like Finney's RPoW, is also based on the Hashcash PoW. But in Bitcoin, double-spend protection is provided by a decentralized P2P protocol for tracking transfers of coins, rather than the hardware trusted computing function used by RPoW. Bitcoin has better trustworthiness because it is protected by computation. Bitcoins are 'mined' using the Hashcash proof-of-work function by individual miners and verified by the decentralized nodes in the P2P bitcoin network.виталий ethereum Stellarmonero rub Bitcoin volatility is also to an extent driven by holders of large proportions of the total outstanding float of the currency. For bitcoin investors with current holdings above around $10M, it is not clear how they would liquidate a position that large into a fiat position without severely moving the market. Indeed, it may not be clear how they would liquidate a position of that size in a short period of time at all, as most cryptocurrency exchanges impose 24-hour withdrawal limits far below that threshold.monero новости bitcoin сервера bitcoin рухнул
bitcoin pps
